Table 4.

Echocardiogram analysis of young WT and VIP-deficient mice

	WT Mice	VIP-Deficient Mice
HR, beats/min	529 ± 17	527 ± 34
Ventricular septal thickness, mm	0.60 ± 0.02	0.65 ± 0.02
End-diastolic diameter, mm	4.37 ± 0.05	4.43 ± 0.12
Posterior wall thickness, mm	0.61 ± 0.02	0.62 ± 0.03
End-systolic diameter, mm	2.94 ± 0.09	2.88 ± 0.15
Aortic ejection time, ms	51.4 ± 1.8	55.5 ± 1.1
LV fractional shortening, %	32.7 ± 2.0	35.1 ± 2.7
Circumferential fiber shortening velocity	6.4 ± 0.5	6.3 ± 0.5
LV ejection fraction	67.2 ± 2.6	70.6 ± 3.4
LV mass	96.0 ± 3.1	105.5 ± 4.6
E	0.99 ± 0.18	0.71 ± 0.02
A	0.53 ± 0.10	0.41 ± 0.04
E/A	1.87 ± 0.05	1.80 ± 0.14

Values are means ± SE; n = 7 WT mice and 4 VIP-deficient mice. LV, left ventricular; E, early diastole contraction; A, atrial contraction. There were no significant differences between the genotypes.