Table 4.

Risk of Death Within 180 Days After Start of Psychotropic Medication

	N	Unadjusted		Adjusted(a)
		Risk Difference(b)(c) (/100 patients)	95% CI	Risk Difference(b)(d) (/100 patients)	95% CI
Antidepressants versus Atypical APMs (=referent)
Actual treatment status	25,129	1.60	0.56, 2.65	−0.82	−2.07, 0.42
IV status
IV1: Median groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	25,129	−0.46	−4.00, 3.07	−3.70	−9.52, 2.11
IV2: Tertile groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	19,333	0.20	−3.21, 3.61	−2.08	−7.29, 3.13
IV3: Quartile groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	15,926	1.27	−2.33, 4.87	−0.09	−5.07, 4.89
Antidepressants versus Hypnotics (=referent)
Actual treatment status	32,901	−5.72	−6.66, −4.77	−3.69	−4.68, −2.70
IV status
IV1: Median groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	32,901	−3.47	−7.64, 0.70	−2.81	−7.21, 1.60
IV2: Tertile groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	24,228	−2.73	−6.60, 1.15	−2.18	−6.23, 1.86
IV3: Quartile groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	19,533	−3.77	−7.64, 0.09	−3.36	−7.40, 0.68
Atypical APMS versus Hypnotics (=referent)
Actual treatment status	27,810	−7.07	−8.09, −6.04	−2.69	−3.90, −1.47
IV status
IV1: Median groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	27,810	−6.05	−9.67, −2.43	−3.57	−9.25, 2.11
IV2: Tertile groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	21,125	−5.39	−8.88, −1.91	−2.48	−7.49, 2.52
IV3: Quartile groups (lowest vs. highest quantile)	17,217	−5.22	−8.94, −1.49	−2.44	−7.35, 2.46

^(a)Adjusted for propensity score including all resident and facility characteristics

^(b)Exposure model based on (multivariable) linear regression model; IV models based on 2-stage least squares regression model

^(c)2-stage model: Y = β₀ + δÊ[X|Z] + ε, with Y = outcome, Ê[X|Z] = predicted values from first stage

^(d)2-stage model: Y = β₀ + δÊ[X|Z, PS] + β₁PS + ε, with Y = outcome, Ê[X|Z] = predicted values from first stage, PS = propensity score