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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ther Deliv. 2014 Apr;5(4):467–486. doi: 10.4155/tde.14.10

Figure 3. Three typical types of bubble dynamics in application circumstances driven by different ultrasound conditions.

Figure 3

These are featured by (A) stable cavitation, (B) translation, and (C) inertial cavitation. The PI images show delivery from the extracellular space, while the post-US calcein images show cellular viability. (D) When characterized by change in bubble radius per unit time (ΔR/TUS) versus total length of bubble displacement, the three groups are fairly well-distinguished. (E & F) The third type, inertial (transient) cavitation, driven by short pulse and high pressure, led to the highest delivery efficiency with the highest delivery rate and reasonably high viability.

US: Ultrasound.

Reproduced with permission from [54].