. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Learn Individ Differ. 2014 Aug 1;34:12–23. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2014.05.006

Table 7.

Hierarchical Regression Statistics for Story Problems Outcome Model

	B	SE	t	β	p
Model 1
Ethnicity (African American)	−1.7752	0.9638	−1.84	−0.1978	0.0672
Ethnicity (Hispanic)	−2.0367	0.9933	−2.05	−0.2005	0.0419
Ethnicity (Caucasian)	0.3394	1.0059	0.34	0.0324	0.7363
Behavioral Inattention	0.0830	0.0227	3.66	0.2151	0.0003
Spatial Working Memory	0.3636	0.1099	3.31	0.1905	0.0011
Verbal Working Memory	0.2060	0.0818	2.51	0.1535	0.0128
Phonological Awareness	0.4464	0.0973	4.59	0.2954	<.0001
Model 2a
Ethnicity (African American)	−1.6963	0.9552	−1.78	−0.1890	0.0776
Ethnicity (Hispanic)	−1.7419	0.9896	−1.76	−0.1719	0.0802
Ethnicity (Caucasian)	0.4777	0.9947	0.48	0.0457	0.6317
Behavioral Inattention	0.0697	0.0230	3.03	0.1813	0.0028
Spatial Working Memory	0.2728	0.1143	2.39	0.1434	0.0181
Verbal Working Memory	0.1828	0.0814	2.25	0.1368	0.0260
Phonological Awareness	0.4090	0.0996	4.10	0.2718	<.0001
Procedural Counting	0.3751	0.3521	1.07	0.0677	0.2882
Conceptual Counting	0.6493	0.3646	1.78	0.1072	0.0768
Model 2b
Ethnicity (African American)	−1.6965	0.9172	−1.85	−0.1884	0.0662
Ethnicity (Hispanic)	−1.2485	0.9571	−1.30	−0.1231	0.1939
Ethnicity (Caucasian)	0.3810	0.9583	0.40	0.0365	0.6915
Behavioral Inattention	0.0295	0.0244	1.21	0.0762	0.2286
Spatial Working Memory	0.2685	0.1102	2.44	0.1412	0.0159
Verbal Working Memory	0.1459	0.0785	1.86	0.1091	0.0649
Phonological Awareness	0.3312	0.0984	3.37	0.2194	0.0009
Procedural Counting	−0.0344	0.3610	−0.10	−0.0062	0.9243
Conceptual Counting	0.2120	0.3668	0.58	0.0350	0.5640
Symbolic Number Identification	0.2398	0.1087	2.21	0.1530	0.0286
Symbolic Number Comparison	0.0925	0.0256	3.57	0.2318	0.0005
Model 3a
Ethnicity (African American)	−1.6199	0.9140	−1.77	−0.1799	0.0782
Ethnicity (Hispanic)	−1.2537	0.9556	−1.31	−0.1234	0.1913
Ethnicity (Caucasian)	0.3946	0.9574	0.41	0.0377	0.6806
Behavioral Inattention	0.0309	0.0244	1.27	0.0797	0.2069
Spatial Working Memory	0.2895	0.1061	2.73	0.1518	0.0070
Verbal Working Memory	0.1501	0.0784	1.91	0.1118	0.0574
Phonological Awareness	0.3237	0.0970	3.34	0.2137	0.0010
Symbolic Number Identification	0.2612	0.1013	2.58	0.1666	0.0107
Symbolic Number Comparison	0.0926	0.0245	3.78	0.2314	0.0002

Model 3b (See Model 2b)
Model/Model Comparison	R² / R² Δ	F	P
R² Model 1	0.5500	29.69	<.0001
R² Δ Model 2a – 1	0.0170	2.61	ns
R² Δ Model 2b – 2a	0.0417	5.88	<.0001
R² Δ Model 3b – 3a	0.0054	1.15	ns
R² Full Model (2b/3b)	0.6087	23.19	<.0001

Note. B = parameter estimate; SE = standard error; t = t value; β = standardized estimate; p = p value. Abbreviations as in Table 2. Ethnicity t values are relative to students coded Asian. Model 3b will have the same parameter estimates as Model 2b and therefore is not listed.