Table 2.

Average MMSE Items in Patients with Cirrhosis with and Without PHES Abnormalities, EEG Abnormalities, HE History.

MMSE items (score range)	PHES		EEG		HE historya
	Normal (n = 124)	Abnormal (n = 67)	Normal (n = 110)	Abnormal (n = 81)	Negative (n = 67)	Positive (n = 103)
Orientation to time (0–5)	4.7 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.8**	4.6 ± 0.7	4.5 ± 0.9	4.7 ± 0.6	4.5 ± 0.9
Orientation to place (0–5)	4.8 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 0.6****	4.8 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 0.8****	4.8 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.7*
Repetition (0–3)	3.0 ± 0.0	2.9 ± 0.2*	2.9 ± 0.1	2.9 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.0	2.9 ± 0.1
Attention and calculation (0–5)	4.9 ± 0.3	4.3 ± 1.3****	4.8 ± 0.8	4.4 ± 1.3**	4.8 ± 0.8	4.5 ± 1.1
Recall (0–3)	1.9 ± 0.9	1.6 ± 1.1*	1.9 ± 1.0	1.6 ± 1.0	1.9 ± 1.0	1.8 ± 1.0
Denomination (0–2)	2.0 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.2	2.0 ± 0.0	1.9 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.0
Sentence repetition (0–1)	0.8 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.5**	0.7 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.5	0.8 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.5
Written comprehension (0–1)	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1
Complex verbal comprehension (0–3)	2.7 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.6*	2.7 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.6	2.7 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.6
Writing (0–1)	0.9 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.4***	0.9 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.4**	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.3*
Drawing copying (0–1)	0.9 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.4****	0.9 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.4	0.9 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.4

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.

MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; PHES: Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score; EEG: Electroencephalogram; HE: Hepatic Encephalopathy.

^aData available in 170 patients.