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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 31.
Published in final edited form as: Tob Control. 2008 Aug;17(4):276–283. doi: 10.1136/tc.2008.025759

Table 4.

Health beliefs

Male Female
All 18-34 35-54 55+ non-smokers smokers All 18-34 35-54 55+ non-smokers smokers
Is nicotine addictive? Yes, like illicit drugs 37.0% 36.0% 38.1% 36.8% 42.3% 33.5% 46.7% 44.1% 43.3% 52.9% 48.2% 39.3%
Yes, but less than illicit drugs 49.0% 46.6% 50.9% 49.9% 43.7% 52.6% 42.2% 44.7% 45.2% 36.7% 41.1% 48.2%
Yes, but easily overcome 8.1% 9.8% 6.6% 7.9% 8.7% 7.6% 5.7% 7.3% 7.4% 2.3% 4.9% 10.0%
No 3.0% 4.3% 2.7% 1.7% 0.9% 4.5% 1.1% 0.3% 1.2% 1.7% 1.1% 1.3%
Does smoking shorten life? No 10.0% 11.4% 8.9% 9.7% 6.3% 12.5% 5.8% 6.9% 5.6% 5.1% 4.0% 15.1%
Yes, only for people with cancer 4.6% 4.3% 5.1% 4.3% 3.7% 5.2% 3.7% 4.9% 2.6% 3.8% 3.6% 4.1%
Yes, by 1-2 years 12.7% 12.5% 15.1% 8.8% 8.5% 15.5% 9.1% 14.7% 9.1% 3.9% 6.9% 20.0%
Yes, by 3-5 years 33.3% 33.8% 32.8% 33.4% 35.0% 32.2% 33.5% 30.4% 35.4% 34.1% 34.6% 27.8%
Yes, by more than 5 years 24.3% 21.0% 24.9% 28.5% 35.7% 16.7% 34.6% 28.8% 34.5% 39.9% 37.8% 18.4%
Second hand smoke: Severely harmful to adults and children 60.7% 57.8% 62.9% 61.6% 71.8% 53.3% 75.3% 68.9% 75.2% 81.4% 77.3% 65.4%
Harmful only for some people if exposure heavy 20.0% 20.8% 19.6% 19.6% 17.2% 21.9% 14.8% 18.7% 16.5% 9.3% 13.5% 21.3%
Affects health but only slightly 11.4% 12.9% 11.1% 9.6% 5.8% 15.2% 5.8% 7.6% 5.8% 4.1% 4.8% 10.6%
No harm 3.1% 4.1% 2.6% 2.4% 0.7% 4.7% 0.8% 1.1% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 1.4%
Light cigarettes safer than regular ones Percentage yes 28.9% 28.4% 31.3% 25.5% 22.3% 33.3% 20.7% 28.0% 19.6% 15.3% 18.4% 32.5%

Note: Those responding “difficult to say” not reported so columns may not sum to 100%