Fig. 2:

A hypothetical representation of mechanism of Bacopa monniera. (A) Scopolamine, Diazepam, L-NNA and MK 801 impair the memory and produce amnesia. Scopolamine, diazepam and L-NNA downregulate (or do not change) intracellular messenger molecules such as Calmodulin, pCREB, iNOS etc. On the other hand, Diazepam upregulates most of these molecules. (B) Bacopa monniera protects the brain from exposure of these drugs and attenuates the amnesia produced by scopolamine, diazepam and L-NNA. But it does not revert the amnesia induced by MK801. Bacopa monniera attenuates the SOD activity and balances the over activation of CaM - CREB pathway which indicates important role of antioxidant pathway over CaM-CREB pathway. However CaM - CREB pathway plays a substantial role for reversal of scopolamine and L-NNA induced amnesia by Bacopa monniera. MK801 treatment does not affect either Cal-CREB pathway or antioxidant pathway.