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. 2014 Jul 11;12:45. doi: 10.1186/s12964-014-0045-y

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Copyright © 2014 Chu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/), applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Schematic representation of the biogenesis pathway of microRNAs and the aberrant expression of key enzymes involved in this pathway in HCC. First, miRNAs are transcribed by RNA pol II/III from the miRNA coding gene to pri-miRNAs, and soon afterwards microprocessor complex recognizes pri-miRNA to generate pre-miRNA. XPO-5 with its cofactor RAN-GTP mediates the nuclear export of pre-miRNA. Finally, the RLC loading complex assists in the binding of mature miRNA to RISC to mediate gene silencing. However, in HCC, the expression of some key enzymes involved in this pathway appears to be aberrant, and this aberrant expression results in an abnormal microRNA biogenesis pathway (shown in A/B/C/D/E).