Table 3.
Variable | HR (95% CI)a | P Value | HR (95% CI)b | P Value | HR (95% CI)c | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, per 10 y | 1.39 (1.28–1.51) | <.001 | 1.38 (1.27–1.50) | <.001 | 1.38 (1.27–1.50) | <.001 |
Male sex | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) | .87 | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | .40 | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | .99 |
White race | 1.35 (1.10–1.65) | <.004 | 1.40 (1.15–1.71) | .001 | 1.35 (1.10–1.65) | .004 |
Medicaid vs other payer | 1.16 (0.94–1.43) | .18 | 1.23 (1.00–1.51) | .05 | 1.15 (0.93–1.43) | .19 |
Current smoker | 1.49 (1.06–2.10) | .02 | 1.47 (1.04–2.07) | .03 | 1.48 (1.05–2.08) | .03 |
Frailty | 1.59 (1.27–1.99) | <.001 | 1.57 (1.25–1.97) | <.001 | ||
eGFR per 5 mL/min/1.73m2 | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | .02 | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | .11 | ||
Albumin quartiles/missing | <.001 for trend | .007 for trend | <.001 for trend | |||
Group 1: ≤2.5 g/dL | 1.48 (1.14–1.92) | .003 | 1.45 (1.12–1.88) | .005 | 1.47 (1.13–1.90) | .004 |
Group 2: >2.5–3.0 g/dL | 1.21 (0.90–1.62) | .21 | 1.18 (0.88–1.58) | .26 | 1.21 (0.90–1.63) | .21 |
Group 3: missing | 1.16 (0.88–1.54) | .28 | 1.20 (0.91–1.59) | .20 | 1.16 (0.87–1.53) | .31 |
Group 4: >3.0–3.5 g/dL | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
Group 5: >3.5 g/dL | 0.89 (0.68–1.17) | .40 | 0.90 (0.69–1.17) | .42 | 0.89 (0.67–1.17) | .40 |
Hemoglobin quartiles/missing | .75 for trend | .75 for trend | .87 for trend | |||
Group 1: ≤9 g/dL | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
Group 2: >9–10 g/dL | 1.06 (0.81–1.38) | .68 | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | .68 | 1.06 (0.81–1.38) | .68 |
Group 3: missing | 1.08 (0.77–1.52) | .65 | 1.06 (0.76–149) | .71 | 1.06 (0.76–1.49) | .73 |
Group 4: >10–12 g/dL | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | .60 | 1.02 (0.82–1.26) | .88 | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | .78 |
Group 5: >12 g/dL | 1.02 (0.75–1.40) | .88 | 0.96 (0.70–1.33) | .82 | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) | .92 |
Hemodialysis vs PD | 0.74 (0.55–0.99) | .04 | 0.76 (0.57–1.00) | .06 | 0.74 (0.55–1.00) | .05 |
Comorbidity | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 1.02 (0.86–1.23) | .77 | 1.04 (0.87–1.25) | .65 | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | >.99 |
Congestive heart failure | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) | .27 | 1.12 (0.93–1.36) | .24 | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | .30 |
Atherosclerotic heart disease | 1.19 (0.99–1.46) | .10 | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) | .11 | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | .09 |
CVA/TIA | 0.88 (0.63–1.22) | .44 | 0.94 (0.70–1.28) | .70 | 0.87 (0.63–1.21) | .41 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1.23 (0.97–1.56) | .09 | 1.25 (0.99–1.58) | .06 | 1.27 (0.97–1.55) | .13 |
COPD | 1.35 (0.99–1.84) | .06 | 1.32 (0.98–1.78) | .07 | 1.32 (0.97–1.81) | .08 |
Cancer | 1.04 (0.74–1.46) | .83 | 1.12 (0.80–1.56) | .51 | 1.04 (0.74–1.46) | .83 |
Erythropoietin use | .80 for homogeneity | .60 for homogeneity | .31 for homogeneity | |||
Nonusers | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
Users | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | .94 | 1.06 (0.86–1.29) | .59 | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | .85 |
Unknown or missing | 0.92 (0.69–1.21) | .55 | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | .56 | 0.92 (0.70–1.22) | .58 |
Early nephrology referral | .58 for homogeneity | .35 for homogeneity | .62 for homogeneity | |||
No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
Yes | 0.98 (0.79–1.23) | .89 | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) | .69 | 0.98 (0.79–1.23) | .87 |
Unknown or missing | 1.17 (0.80–1.69) | .42 | 1.20 (0.83–1.74) | .32 | 1.15 (0.79–1.67) | .45 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA/TIA, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazards ratio; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
SI conversion factors: To convert albumin to grams per liter, multiply by 10; to convert hemoglobin to grams per liter, multiply by 10.
Multivariate model in which frailty but not eGFR was included among predictor variables.
Multivariate model in which eGFR but not frailty was included among predictor variables.
Multivariate model in which both eGFR and frailty were included among predictor variables.