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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 31.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med. 2009 Jul;122(7):664–71.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.01.026
Phase 1
Mean or Percent
Phase 2
Mean or Percent
Age (y) 37.7 38.0
Gender (% male) 49.3 49.2
Race/ethnicity (%)
 Non-Hispanic white 75.9 73.2
 Non-Hispanic black 11.0 11.4
 Mexican-American 5.7 6.1
 Other 7.5 9.4
 Poverty-income ratio 3.0 3.3
 Highest grade completed 12.7 12.8
Self-reported health status (%)
 Excellent 23.2 21.4
 Very good 32.6 33.5
 Good 31.9 33.4
 Fair 10.6 10.2
 Poor 1.7 1.4
 eGFR (mL/min) 117.8 117.0
Chronic kidney disease (%)
 Stage 1/2 6.6 6.1
 Stage 3A 0.1 0.2
 Stage 3B-5 0.1 0.1
 Diabetes (%) 6.0 7.2
 Cancer (%) 2.0 2.5
 COPD (%) 6.2 5.9
 Liver disease (%) 6.5 11.0
 Arthritis (%) 10.9 11.3
 25 hydroxy vitamin D concentration, serum (ng/mL) 29.8 30.3
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) 14.0 14.2
 Bicarbonate, serum (mmol/L) 28.9 27.0
 C reactive protein, serum (units) 0.4 0.4
 Hypertensiona (%) 18.0 17.8
 Overt cardiovascular diseaseb (%) 6.8 6.7