Table 3.

Co-occurrence of mid-pregnancy tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and any at-risk lipid pattern in early preterm pregnancies compared to term pregnancies.

Sample	California		Iowa
	Cases	Controls	Cases	Controls
	n = (%) OR (95% CI)a 72 (100.0)	n = (%) 36 (100.0)	n = (%) OR (95% CI)a 57 (100.0)	n = (%) Referent 677 (100.0)
No TNF-α 4Qb, No “At-risk”c Lipid	10 (13.9)	9 (25.0) Referent	10 (17.5)	206 (30.4) Referent
TNF-α 4Q Only	6 (8.3) 1.4 (0.3 – 6.9)	4 (11.1)	3 (5.3) 0.8 (0.2 – 2.9)	72 (10.6)
“At-risk”c Lipid Only	29 (40.3) 1.2 (0.4 – 3.8)	18 (50.0)	29 (50.9) 2.0 (0.9 – 4.2)	298 (44.0)
TNF-α 4Q and “At-risk”c Lipid	27 (37.5) 4.0 (1.1 – 16.3)	5 (13.9)	15 (26.3) 2.7 (1.1 – 6.3)	101 (14.9)

TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; OR, Odds Ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; 4Q, 4^th quartile

^aAdjusted for gestational week at serum draw and maternal weight.

^bWherein 1^st and 4^th quartile cut points were derived from the term controls.

^cTotal cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), TG: high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or LDL:HDL in the 4Q and/or HDL or HDL:TC ratio in the 1^st quartile (1Q).