Table 2.

Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity scores in the study cohort (n = 14,007,813)

Parameter	Charlson score				p value	Elixhauser score (van Walraven et al. [53])				p value
	0	1 or 2	3 or 4	≥ 5		< 0	0	1 to 4	≥ 5
Age (years)*	64 ± 16	71 ± 13	75 ± 11	70 ± 15	< 0.001	64 ± 14	64 ± 15	69 ± 14	74 ± 13	< 0.001
Sex (%)					< 0.001					< 0.001
Male	39	37	40	43		29	41	38	36
Female	61	64	61	57		71	59	63	64
Mortality (%)	0.40	1.3	5.0	4.5	< 0.001	0.10	0.30	0.60	2.5	< 0.001
≥ 1 adverse events (%)	30	35	45	43	< 0.001	31	27	35	47	< 0.001
Days of care (days)*	5.2 ± 5.3	6.0 ± 5.7	8.1 ± 8.2	11 ± 16	< 0.001	4.9 ± 4.7	5.0 ± 4.9	5.5 ± 4.7	7.5 ±7.8	< 0.001
Discharge status (%)					< 0.001					< 0.001
Routine/discharged home	57	41	22	28		53	60	46	31
Left against medical advice	0.10	0.10	0.20	0		0.10	0.10	0.20	0.10
Transferred to short-term facility	7.4	9.3	9.7	11		7.9	7.2	8.5	10
Transferred to long-term facility	20	31	48	38		23	19	28	39
Alive, disposition not stated	13.0	15.0	14.0	17		15	13	15	15
Died	0.40	1.3	5.0	4.5		0.10	0.30	0.60	2.5
Not reported	1.8	2.1	1.6	2.1		1.6	1.7	2.2	2.4

* Values are expressed as mean ± SD.