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. 2014 Aug 1;5:375. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00375

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Copyright © 2014 Ertani, Pizzeghello, Francioso, Sambo, Sanchez-Cortes and Nardi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PCA leaves scatterplot of the plants treated with and without biostimulants (upper, A) and position of the variables projected in the plane as determined by the first two principal axes (lower, B) (85% explained variance). Alfalfa hydrolyzed (AH) and red grape (RG) biostimulants applied at low (l) and high (h) doses, whereas no application was performed on the control (untreated, UNT). Black and white diamonds correspond to the leaves chemical composition after the 1st and 2nd application. AA, antioxidant activity; As, ascorbic acid; β-car, β-carotene; Caf, caffeic acid; Chl, chlorogenic acid; Coum, p-coumaric acid; Epi, epicatechic acid; Fer, ferulic acid; Fru, fructose; Glu, glucose; Hyd, p-hydroxybenzoic acid; LFW, leaves fresh weight; Que, quercetin; and TP, total phenols.