Table 3.
Mean (sd) results for Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), WHO Disability Assessment Scale (WHO-DAS) and Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) for 380 patients in the case management (intervention) group and 350 patients in the control group at baseline and at five follow-up points
| Scale/subscale | Group | Baseline | 3 month | 6 month | 9 month | 12 month | 24 month | Fa | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PANSS total score | intervention | 51.5 (16.8) | 50.4 (16.3) | 50.0 (16.1) | 49.2 (15.7)) | 47.9 (17.8)b | 45.1 (17.1)b | 4.81 | <0.001 |
| control | 52.3 (15.9) | 52.3 (16.3) | 51.5 (16.7) | 51.7 (16.8) | 51.7 (16.9) | 51.6 (18.8) | |||
| F | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 2.64 | 2.97 | |||
| p | 0.899 | 0.636 | 0.892 | 0.607 | 0.044 | 0.038 | |||
| PANSS positive syndrome score | intervention | 11.5 (4.9) | 11.5 (4.7) | 11.3 (5.3) | 11.2 (5.4) | 11.3 (5.2) | 11.0 (5.1) | 0.07 | 0.740 |
| control | 11.5 (4.9) | 11.4 (5.7) | 11.5 (5.2) | 11.4 (5.5) | 11.6 (5.5) | 11.8 (5.1) | |||
| F | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | |||
| p | 0.930 | 0.923 | 0.916 | 0.924 | 0.915 | 0.911 | |||
| PANSS negative syndrome score | intervention | 17.9 (6.0) | 17.7 (5.7) | 17.5 (6.1) | 16.2 (6.3) | 14.3 (6.6) | 12.2 (6.1)c | 4.32 | <0.001 |
| control | 15.4 (6.2) | 15.3 (6.5) | 15.9 (6.8) | 16.1 (7.3) | 16.3 (7.5) | 16.2 (7.1) | |||
| F | 1.88 | 1.82 | 1.87 | 0.02 | 1.81 | 3.79 | |||
| p | 0.1039 | 0.1721 | 0.1267 | 0.9281 | 0.1904 | 0.001 | |||
| PANSS general psychopathology score | intervention | 25.4 (8.4) | 25.2 (8.2) | 25.4 (8.3) | 25.1 (8.5) | 25.1 (8.1) | 24.9 (8.2) | 0.89 | 0.390 |
| control | 25.3 (7.7) | 25.6 (8.1) | 25.8 (8.4) | 25.6 (8.4) | 25.4 (7.9) | 25.5 (7.4) | |||
| F | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.31 | |||
| p | 0.919 | 0.921 | 0.904 | 0.913 | 0.930 | 0.573 | |||
| WHO-DAS | intervention | 6.5 (0.4) | 6.3 (0.5) | 6.3 (0.3) | 5.8 (0.4) | 4.5 (0.3)b | 4.3 (0.2)b | 2.79 | 0.033 |
| control | 6.1 (0.4) | 6.1 (0.5) | 6.4 (0.7) | 6.4 (0.9) | 6.7 (1.1) | 6.5 (0.9) | |||
| F | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 2.95 | 2.87 | |||
| p | 0.888 | 0.914 | 0.916 | 0.620 | 0.038 | 0.040 | |||
| QOLS daily life subscale score | intervention | 14.4 (3.8) | 14.6 (3.7) | 14.6 (3.7) | 15.9 (3.9) | 17.2 (4.4) | 18.4 (4.8)b | 3.79 | 0.001 |
| control | 15.8 (3.9) | 15.7 (4.0) | 16.1 (4.3) | 16.7 (3.9) | 16.3 (4.1) | 16.6 (4.1) | |||
| F | 0.27 | 0.16 | 2.32 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 2.94 | |||
| p | 0.599 | 0.701 | 0.079 | 0.681 | 0.681 | 0.037 | |||
| QOLS family life subscale score | intervention | 12.0 (3.0) | 12.3 (2.8) | 12.9 (3.3) | 12.6 (3.1) | 13.6 (3.2) | 14.8 (3.5)b | 3.22 | 0.015 |
| control | 12.1 (2.9) | 12.7 (3.2) | 11.4 (3.7) | 12.6 (3.6) | 12.3 (3.1) | 12.4 (3.1) | |||
| F | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 3.10 | |||
| p | 0.933 | 0.893 | 0.646 | 0.905 | 0.642 | 0.034 | |||
| QOLS social relationships subscale score | intervention | 7.2 (3.0) | 7.2 (3.1) | 7.6 (3.7) | 7.4 (3.5) | 7.4 (3.3) | 7.5 (3.2) | 0.04 | 0.875 |
| control | 7.3 (3.1) | 6.8 (3.4) | 6.6 (3.8) | 6.9 (3.5) | 7.2 (3.6) | 7.1 (3.5) | |||
| F | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.03 | 0.06 | |||
| p | 0.925 | 0.812 | 0.602 | 0.675 | 0.914 | 0.834 | |||
| QOLS financial status subscale score | intervention | 7.5 (1.7) | 7.3 (1.6) | 7.5 (1.4) | 7.2 (2.1) | 7.6 (1.8) | 7.5 (1.9) | 0.02 | 0.930 |
| control | 7.2 (2.1) | 6.8 (1.7) | 7.0 (2.3) | 6.9 (2.1) | 7.1 (2.5) | 7.0 (2.6) | |||
| F | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |||
| p | 0.789 | 0.625 | 0.828 | 0.872 | 0.805 | 0.799 | |||
| QOLS working status subscale score | intervention | 8.9 (1.9) | 9.3 (2.1) | 9.1 (2.2) | 9.3 (1.9) | 9.2 (2.3) | 9.4 (1.7) | 0.47 | 0.174 |
| control | 9.1 (2.1) | 8.9 (2.3) | 9.0 (2.5) | 8.9 (2.1) | 9.0 (1.8) | 8.7 (1.9) | |||
| F | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 1.03 | |||
| p | 0.925 | 0.917 | 0.934 | 0.833 | 0.916 | 0.144 | |||
| QOLS sense of security subscale score | intervention | 3.1 (0.2) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.7)b | 4.4 (0.4) | 4.9 (1.0)b | 3.12 | 0.025 |
| control | 3.1 (0.4) | 2.9 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.1 (0.3) | |||
| F | 0.01 | 1.17 | 0.06 | 1.99 | 2.22 | 2.99 | |||
| p | 0.988 | 0.219 | 0.807 | 0.106 | 0.085 | 0.032 | |||
aF value comparing within-group difference (over time) of the overall model from repeated-measures ANOVA
bp<0.05 - within group difference (vs. baseline)
cp<0.01- within group difference (vs. baseline)