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. 2014 Aug 1;8:216. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00216

FIGURE 8.

FIGURE 8

Ethanol can also induce the apoptosome formation in astrocytes. (A) The Western blot analyses of Apaf-1, the active fragments from caspase-9 (37 kDa) and caspase-3 (17 kDa), in the astrocytes treated with ATP (5 μM) or ethanol (10 and 50 mM). Bars represent the (mean ± SEM) of at least 6–10 individual experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (Mann–Whitney U non-parametric test or a Student’s t-test). (B) The percentage of apoptosis in the astrocytes incubated with ATP or ethanol (10 mM, 50 mM) for 24 h was assessed by a TUNEL assay in the WT and TLR4-KO astrocytes. Scale bar: 20 μm. Arrowheads show different apoptotic processes, blebbing and nuclei condensation. Asterisk show positive TUNEL cells. Bars represent the (mean ± SEM) of three individual experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni’s correction).