Table 2.
Materials with potential application in spinal cord lesion and their main features in terms of biodegradability and processing
| Material | Degradability in vivo | Form (processing) | Examples ofapplication in tissueengineering of thenervous system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural | |||
| Collagen | Degradable | Hydrogel; porous scaffold; (electrospun) fibres | [100,169–172] |
| Hyaluronic acid | Degradable | Hydrogel; (electrospun) fibres | [103,104,173] |
| Fibrin | Degradable | Hydrogel; porous scaffold;(electrospun) fibres | [101,102,128] |
| Agarose | Degradable | Hydrogel; porous scaffold | [105,136,174] |
| Alginate | Poorly degradable | Hydrogel; porous scaffold | [106,175] |
| Chitosan | Degradable | Hydrogel; porous scaffold;(electrospun) fibres | [102,107,176,177] |
| Fibroin | Degradable | Porous scaffold; (electrospun) fibres | [108] |
| Poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) | Degradable | Porous scaffold; (electrospun) fibres | [109,178,179] |
| Synthetic | |||
| Poly (lactide) (PLA) and its copolymers with glycolide (poly (glycolide-co-lactide), PGLA) | Degradable | Porous scaffold; (electrospun) fibres | [93,126,129,180] |
| Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) | Degradable | Porous scaffold; (electrospun) fibres | [94] |
| Poly (trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(TMC-CL)) | Degradable | Porous scaffold; (electrospun) fibres | [95,181] |
| Peptide amphiphiles | Degradable | Hydrogel | [182] |
| Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) | Non-degradable | Hydrogel | [91,96,111–115] |
| Poly [N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (PHPMA) | Non-degradable | Hydrogel | [91,97,131–133] |
| Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) | Non-degradable | Coating; particle form (to be used in composite materials) | [98] |