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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Membr. 2013;72:267–311. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-417027-8.00008-8

Figure 8. Sequence Identity versus Functional Equivalence, and CCC Evolutionary Hypotheses.

Figure 8

(A) A neighbor-joining tree of the 5 characterized metazoan α-catenin orthologs. Percent identity to Mm 〈E-catenin is indicated in bold. Orthologs sharing > 90% identity are grouped in blue, > 60% in green, and < 60% left uncolored.

(B) A cladogram of the same proteins, as grouped by function. The red oval groups actin-binding monomers, the yellow groups proteins capable of homodimerization, and the purple indicates auto-inhibition of actin binding.

(C) A phylogeny of unikonts, indicating two evolutionary hypotheses of CCC evolution (numbered circles), and two hypotheses for the evolution of dimerization in metazoan 〈-catenins. See text for detailed explanations of hypotheses.