Table 6.
Costs and outcomes by type of CVR prevention
| |
Primary prevention |
Secondary prevention |
Mixed |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change | Baseline | Change | Baseline | Change | |
| PACIC (1–5 highest) |
2.64 (0.77) |
0.18* (0.76) |
2.52 (0.79) |
0.09 (0.75) |
2.92 (0.84) |
0.10* (0.82) |
| Physically active days per week |
5.25 (1.91) |
0.43* (1.94) |
5.15 (2.10) |
0.12 (2.11) |
4.91 (2.10) |
0.37** (2.20) |
| % smokers |
13 |
−3* |
30 |
−8** |
20 |
−6** |
| Self-efficacy (1–6 highest) |
4.44 (0.85) |
−0.29** (0.75) |
4.32 (0.92) |
−0.30** (0.77) |
4.48 (0.86) |
−0.27** (0.74) |
| EQ-5D |
0.85 (0.17) |
−0.01 (0.15) |
0.77 (0.22) |
0.01 (0.19) |
0.84 (0.17) |
−0.02* (0.15) |
| Primary care costs |
555 (827) |
−16 (701) |
810 (1,153) |
−149 (1,191) |
565 (751) |
97 (1,092) |
| Outpatient hospital care |
326 (662) |
−104 (643) |
725 (1,342) |
−34 (1,728) |
269 (492) |
76* (657) |
| Inpatient hospital care$ |
471 (3,009) |
−334 (3,120) |
1,064 (5,012) |
932 (9,807) |
476 (3,085) |
742 (10,225) |
| Medication costs |
269 (275) |
0 (248) |
493 (423) |
1 (289) |
356 (351) |
4 (255) |
| Total healthcare utilization costs |
1,600 (3,665) |
−447 (3,663) |
3052 (5,787) |
754 (10,204) |
1,653 (3,525) |
918 (10,574) |
| Travelling costs |
63 (145) |
73 (571) |
89 (221) |
−48* (185) |
72 (226) |
−5* (312) |
| Productivity costs |
3,542 (11,480) |
−1,685 (10,076) |
1,119 (6,401) |
−86 (6,964) |
1,405 (7,646) |
−368 (6,743) |
| Total costs | 3,633 (10,091) | −317 (11,593) | 4,421 (10,657) | 159 (13,876) | 2,911 (8,201) | 725 (13,874) |
The table presents the mean (SD) and the mean difference (SD) between baseline and follow-up measurements; $inpatient hospital care costs include also emergency care costs; *(p < 0.05); **(p < 0.01); the differences are calculated subtracting the costs at baseline from the costs at follow-up; primary care costs included contacts with GP, nurse practitioner, nurse, dietician, physiotherapist, podiatrist, lifestyle coach, etc.