Table 2. Summary table of studies reporting carriage of Haemophilus influenzae.

Reference		Study period	Country	Sample size	Prevalence	Age group	Prevalence of carriage, % (95% CI)
Low income countries
Healthy population
[43]	Kwambana et al. 2011	NR	The Gambia	30 infants	Average	0–12 months	70 (65–74)
[72]	Adegbola et al. 1998	NR	The Gambia	3986 children	Point	1–2 years	Urban: 5.6a Rural: 10.9
[55]	Abdullahi et al. 2008	2004b	Kenya	450 individuals	Point	0–4 years	26.0
						5–9 years	24.0 (16–33)
						10–85 years	3.0
[74]	Williams et al. 2011	2007	Nepal	2195 children	Point	0–13 years	5.0 (3.9–6.4)
Immunocompromised population
No data found
Sick population
No data found
Lower-middle income countries
Healthy population
[75]	Das et al. 2002	2000–2001	India	566 children	Point	5–12 years	28.6
[76]	Sekhar et al. 2009	2005–2006	India	1000 children	Point	<2 years	11.2
[73]	Gessner et al. 1998	NR	Indonesia	484 children	Point	0–24 months	4.6 (3.7–5.5)c
[36]	Vu et al. 2011	2007–2008	Vietnam	350 children	Point	<5 years	31.4
Immunocompromised population
[70]	Bhattacharya et al. 2012	2008–2009	India	148 children with HIV	Point	1–16 years	24
[71]	Mwenya et al. 2010	2002–2003	Zambia	439 children with HIV	Point	6 months–14 years	29
Sick population
[62]	Mastro et al. 1993	1989–1990	Pakistan	601 children with ARI	Point	Mean:14.5 months	36.6
[61]	Lupisan et al. 2000	1994	The Philippines	956 children with severe pneumonia, suspected meningitis, or clinical suspicion of sepsis	Point	0–59 months	15.2
[36]	Vu et al. 2011	2007–2008	Vietnam	274 children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia	Point	<5 years	50
				276 children with other LRTI			53.5

ARI, acute respiratory infection; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; NR, not reported.

^aAll carriage rates are from the control group.

^bPost-vaccination data.

^cAge- and population-weighted carriage rate, adjusted for design effect.