Table 1. Primers used for detecting the target genes and the melting temperatures (Tm) used for primers.

Gene name		Primers
	Forward	Reverse	Tm °C	Ref.	Amplification efficiency
					Assay 1	Assay 2
16S rRNA gene	5′-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3′			[60]
		5′-CTG CTG CSY CCC GTA GGA-3′	60	[61] modif.		82–100
		5′-CTG CTG CCT CCC GTA GG-3′	60	[61]	87
tetC	5′-TGC GTT GAT GCA ATT TCT ATG C-3′	5′-GGC GCC TAC AAT CCA TG-3′	64	[62]	80	93–101
tetM	5′-GCA ATT CTA CTG ATT TCT GC-3′	5′-CTG TTT GAT TAC AAT TTC CGC-3′	60	[61]	90–93	89–108
sul1	5′-CGG CGT GGG CTA CCT GAA CG-3′	5′-GCC GAT CGC GTG AAG TTC CG-3′	64	[63]	90–93	81–88
sul2	5′-GCG CTC AAG GCA GAT GGC ATT-3′	5′-GCG TTT GAT ACC GGC ACC CGT-3′	64	[62]	102	91–103
blactx-m-32	5′-CGT CAC GCT GTT GTT AGG AA-3′	5′-CGC TCA TCA GCA CGA TAA AG-3′	64	[59]	87	89–101
blashv-34	5′-GCG TTA TTT TCG CCT GTG TA-3′	5′-AGG TGC TCA TCA TGG GAA AG-3′	60	[63]	92–94	97–108
blaoxa-58	5′-GCA ATT GCC TTT TAA ACC TGA-3′	5′-CTG CCT TTT CAA CAA AAC CC-3′	60	[63]	90	97–111

qPCR amplification efficiency is given for 16S RNA gene and for ARGs, R² of the linear range of standards was always >0.99.