Table 1. Description of populations' features.
| Controls (N=20) | Schizoprenia (N=20) | Bipolar disorder (N=20) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years | 36.6±7.69 | 39.75±7.86 | 42.45±6.58 | 0.051 |
| Females/males | 11/9 | 6/14 | 13/7 | 0.074 |
| Ethnic group | Caucasian | Caucasian | Caucasian | |
| Smoking (n/y) | 17/3 | 11/9 | 8/11 | 0.018 |
| BMI | 23.66±3.13 | 26.85±6.20 | 26.85±4.15 | 0.054 |
| Age of onset | — | 25.45±6.57 | 27.44±6.13 | 0.318 |
| Length of illness (years) | — | 14.7±9.4 | 14.56±6.43 | 0.714 |
| Hospitalizations (n) | — | 3.75±5.56 | 5.32±7.07 | 0.557 |
| Chlorpromazine equivalent | — | 237.04 | 50.5 | 0.002 |
| Antipsychotic lifetime (years) | — | 10.42±8.36 | 5.91±7.03 | 0.061 |
| Mood stabilizer lifetime (years) | — | — | 8.54±5.21 | |
| GAF | 82.25±4.85 | 45±11.49 | 58.79±13.67 | 0.0001 |
| BPRS | ||||
| Total | — | 45.83±12.03 | 32.22±5.83 | 0.006 |
| Anxiety and depression | — | 11.93±5.12 | 11±4.00 | 0.813 |
| Negative symptoms | — | 12.7±4.82 | 7.44±0.73 | 0.0005 |
| Positive symptoms | — | 12.75±6.07 | 8.4±6.35 | 0.026 |
| Mania | — | 12.75±3.99 | 10.22±1.99 | 0.077 |
| BRMRS | — | — | 2.95±5.2 | |
| HDRS (21 items) | — | — | 14.21±11.78 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; BRMRS, Bech–Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale; GAF, global assessment of functioning; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; n/y, no/yes.