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. 2014 Jul 8;4(7):e410. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.54

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Copyright © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

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Resident–intruder test. Rats exposed to the entire stress protocol (Full PPS or Peripubertal Stress) showed an increased duration of keeping down behavior (a) and an overall increase in total aggressive behavior (b) when compared with CTRL Full animals. Juvenile Stress rats exhibited an increase in the duration of offensive upright behavior and a trend toward increased keeping down behavior (c), whereas no significant difference was evident in the total duration of offensive behavior (d). Puberty Stress rats exhibited a trend toward increased keeping down behavior (e) and increased total aggression (f). (N: CTRL Full=13, Full PPS=13, CTRL Juvenile=10, Juvenile Stress=20, CTRL Puberty=16, Puberty Stress=16), *P<0.05 versus CTRL, results are the mean±s.e.m.