Fig. 5.

(A) Mean percent choice between a beer response (R1) vs. chocolate response (R2) (±sem) in a beer, chocolate and no stimulus condition, in the transfer test, for the instructed and non-instructed group. The PIT effect was abolished by instructions stating that stimuli did not signal which R-O contingency was more effective. (B) The same PIT data but with the instructed group split into a non-compliant sub-group who retained hierarchical beliefs despite instructions to the contrary, and a compliant sub-group who abandoned their hierarchical beliefs in accordance with the instructions. Both figures A and B show that the PIT effect depends upon propositional hierarchical expectancies.