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. 2014 May 27;6(7):865–881. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201303675

Figure 2. RARRES3 prevents breast cancer lung metastasis.

Figure 2

  1. Schematic representation of in vivo experimental procedure to evaluate lung metastatic potential from the orthotopic site. The indicated cell lines (5 × 105 cells) were injected contralaterally into the fourth mammary fat pad of mice. Tumors reaching 300 mm3 were surgically removed. Seven days post-mastectomy, lung metastasis burden originated from size-matched tumors was quantified.
  2. (Left panel) Quantification of ex vivo bioluminescent signal at the lungs in each experimental group subjected to the tumor growth/resection scheme described in (A) at end point. n = 8 and n = 9 mice per group were used. Whiskers plots from min–max values were used. (Right panel) Representative bioluminescence images of in vivo and ex vivo lung colonization of the mice are shown.
  3. Representative human Vimentin IHC staining of whole lung sections to highlight metastatic tumor lesions from (B) are shown. Inset panels (4× magnification) reflect the size and multiple metastatic foci detected in the LM2-Mock group.
  4. LM2 cells (5 × 105) expressing an empty vector (LM2-Mock) or a RARRES3-expressing vector (LM2-RARRES3) were injected contralaterally into the fourth mammary fat pad of mice, and tumor growth was measured over time. n = 20 per group. Data are averages ± SEM.