Table 2.
Chemoattractant GPCRs associated with stromal cell infiltration.
| GPCRs | Tumor types | |
|---|---|---|
| Immune cells | ||
|
| ||
| Dendritic cells | CCR1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma [57] |
| CCR5 | Hepatocellular carcinoma [57], ovarian cancer [69] | |
| CCR6 | Breast cancer [70, 71], colorectal cancer and lung cancer [72], lymphoma [73], melanoma [58, 72], lymphocyte-rich gastric cancer [74], renal cell carcinoma [62], thyroid cancer [75] | |
| CCR7 | Breast cancer [76], renal cell carcinoma [62] | |
| CXCR1/2 | Colorectal cancer [77–79], gastric cancer [79], hepatocellular carcinoma [78], pancreatic cancer [78] | |
|
| ||
| Myeloid-derived suppressor cells | CCR2 | Basal cell carcinomas [80], melanoma [66] |
| CXCR2 | Colitis-associated cancer [81] | |
| CXCR4 | Gastric cancer [82], ovarian cancer [83] | |
|
| ||
| Tumor-associated macrophages | PAFR | Melanoma [84] |
| CCR2 | Breast cancer [85], cervical cancer [86], colitis-associated cancer [87], lymphoma [88], nasopharyngeal carcinoma [89], oral cancer [90], prostate cancer [91], pancreatic cancer [92], thyroid cancer [93] | |
| CCR4 | Lung cancer [94] | |
| CCR5 | Hepatocellular carcinoma [95], nasopharyngeal carcinoma [89] | |
| CXCR3 | Breast cancer [42] | |
| CX3CR1 | Breast cancer [96], glioma [97] | |
|
| ||
| Regulatory T cells | CCR4 | Breast cancer [98], cervical cancer [99], Hodgkin lymphoma [100], gastric cancer [101], glioma [102], melanoma [103] |
| CCR5 | Colorectal cancer [104], lymphoma [105], pancreatic cancer [106], renal cell carcinoma [107] | |
| CCR6 | Breast cancer [108], colorectal cancer [109], hepatocellular carcinoma [110], Hodgkin lymphoma [111], renal cell carcinoma [107] | |
| CCR7 | Melanoma [112], ovarian cancer [113] | |
| CCR10 | Ovarian cancer [35] | |
| CXCR1 | Lung cancer, mesothelioma, melanoma [114] | |
| CXCR3 | Renal cell carcinoma [107] | |
| CXCR4 | Breast cancer [115], B cell lymphoma [116], hepatocellular carcinoma [117], lung cancer [118], glioma [119], ovarian cancer [120, 121] | |
| CXCR6 | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma [122], renal cell carcinoma [107] | |
|
| ||
| Stromal cells | ||
|
| ||
| Mesenchymal stem cells | FPR2 | Ovarian tumor [123] |
| CCR2 | Breast cancer [124], glioma [125], lymphoma [88] | |
| CXCR1 | Glioma [126, 127] | |
| CXCR2 | Kidney cancer [128], glioma [127] | |
| CXCR4 | Breast cancer [129], gastric cancer [130], glioma [125, 131, 132] | |
| CXCR6 | Glioma [132], prostate cancer [133] | |
| CX3CR1 | Colorectal cancer [134] | |