Table 3.

Studies of fracture associated with glucocorticoid therapy

References	Condition, n	GC inclusion requirement	Spine imaging	Results	Quality score
Stewart et al. [27]	JDM, n = 15	GC not required, but all had prior or current use	None	Clinical incidence 5/15 (33%)	19/23
van Staa et al. [28]	Any illness, n = 37,562	Any GC use	None	Clinical incidence 746/37,562 (2%)	18/22
Rodd et al. [26]	Rheumatic diseases, n = 118	GC onset within 30 days of study entry	Baseline and 1 year	Radiographic incidence 7/118 (6%)	15/18
Loftus et al. [30]	JIA, n = 29	≥ 1 year of GC therapy at a dose of ≥ 5 mg/day	Once	Radiographic prevalence 13/29 (45%)	17/27
				Incidence 3/31 (10%)
Nakhla et al. [31]	Rheumatic diseases, n = 49	Prior or current exposure to GC or methotrexate	Once	Radiographic prevalence 14/49 (29%)	19/23
Varonos et al. [32]	JIA, n = 46, ½ with fracture	≥ 1 year of GC therapy, mean dose ≥ 5 mg/day	Yearly	Higher mean GC dose in those with fracture	13/22

JDM = juvenile dermatomyositis; GC = glucocorticoid therapy; JIA = juvenile inflammatory arthritis.