Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Interventional therapy (N=114) | Medical management (N=109) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45 (12) | 44 (12) |
|
| ||
| Women | 48 (42%) | 44 (40%) |
|
| ||
| White | 98 (86%) | 87 (80%) |
|
| ||
| Right-handed | 109 (96%) | 100 (92%) |
|
| ||
| Clinical presentation | ||
| Seizure | 50 (44%) | 45 (41%) |
| Headaches | 56 (49%) | 59 (54%) |
| Focal deficit | 21 (18%) | 10 (9%)x |
| Other | 3 (3%) | 8 (7%) |
| Asymptomatic | 44 (39%) | 49 (45%) |
|
| ||
| Modified Rankin score | ||
| 0 | 55 (48%) | 51 (47%) |
| 1 | 59 (52%) | 58 (53%) |
|
| ||
| Spetzler-Martin grading score* | ||
| I | 32 (29%) | 33 (30%) |
| II | 44 (39%) | 27 (25%) |
| III | 28 (25%) | 34 (31%) |
| IV | 8 (7%) | 15 (14%) |
|
| ||
| AVM morphology | ||
| Maximum AVM size (mm) | 25 (12) | 28 (11) |
| AVM size <3 cm | 78 (68%) | 60 (55%) |
| AVM side, left | 48 (42%) | 50 (46%) |
| Lobar AVM location | 104 (91%) | 99 (91%) |
| Infratentorial AVM location | 7 (6%) | 5 (5%) |
| Eloquent AVM location† | 54 (47%) | 51 (47%) |
|
| ||
| Concurrent arterial aneurysms | ||
| Associated aneurysm‡ | 15 (13%) | 21 (19%) |
| Unrelated aneurysm | 4 (4%) | 7 (6%) |
|
| ||
| Venous drainage pattern* | ||
| Superficial only | 78 (70%) | 69 (63%) |
| Any deep | 34 (30%) | 40 (37%) |
Data are mean (SD) or number (%). AVM=arteriovenous malformation.
*
Unavailable for two patients in the interventional therapy group who were enrolled without angiography.
†
Eloquent is any AVM location involving the sensorimotor, language, or visual cortex; the hypothalamus and thalamus; the internal capsule; the brainstem; the cerebellar peduncles; or the deep cerebellar nuclei.15
‡
Associated arterial aneurysms are flow-related aneurysms located on a feeding artery or within the AVM nidus (so-called intranidal aneurysms).12