Table 4. Cox proportional hazards model to find the association between mortality and time to treatment as a continuous variable (4 week delay as reference).
| |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (99% CI) | HR (99% CI) | HR (99% CI) | HR (99% CI) | |
|
Provider delay (weeks) | ||||
| 4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 20 | 0.81 (0.65 1.00) | 0.92 (0.74 1.15) | 0.94 (0.74 1.19) | 0.99 (0.76 1.27) |
| 40 | 1.01 (0.82 1.24) | 1.12 (0.90 1.38) | 1.10 (0.88 1.38) | 1.17 (0.92 1.48) |
| 60 |
1.05 (0.83 1.32) |
1.20 (0.94 1.52) |
1.17 (0.91 1.49) |
1.21 (0.94 1.57) |
| Age |
|
1.04 (1.03 1.05) |
1.04 (1.03 1.05) |
1.04 (1.03 1.04) |
|
Gender | ||||
| Male | 1.27 (1.04 1.56) | 1.26 (1.02 1.55) | 1.28 (1.04 1.58) | |
| Female |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Current smoker | 1.25 (0.93 1.68) | 1.27 (0.94 1.72) | 1.25 (0.92 1.70) | |
| Ex-smoker | 1.17 (0.90 1.52) | 1.15 (0.88 1.50) | 1.18 (0.90 1.55) | |
| Not known | 1.20 (0.93 1.53) | 1.18 (0.92 1.52) | 1.20 (0.93 1.55) | |
|
Carstairs deprivation quintile | ||||
| 1 (least) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 2 | 0.96 (0.72 1.26) | 0.98 (0.74 1.30) | 0.96 (0.72 1.27) | |
| 3 | 1.36 (1.03 1.79) | 1.37 (1.04 1.82) | 1.36 (1.03 1.81) | |
| 4 | 1.28 (0.95 1.74) | 1.31 (0.96 1.78) | 1.27 (0.93 1.73) | |
| 5 (most) |
|
1.30 (0.85 1.98) |
1.32 (0.86 2.01) |
1.29 (0.84 1.97) |
|
Place of presentation | ||||
| GP surgery | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| GP home visit | 1.19 (0.89 1.60) | 1.20 (0.89 1.62) | 1.22 (0.90 1.66) | |
| GP out of hours visit | 0.91 (0.55 1.50) | 0.92 (0.55 1.53) | 0.87 (0.52 1.46) | |
| Others | 1.18 (0.65 2.14) | 1.18 (0.64 2.17) | 1.25 (0.67 2.32) | |
| Unknown |
|
1.17 (0.68 1.99) |
1.09 (0.61 1.94) |
1.20 (0.67 2.16) |
| Charlson index |
|
1.14 (1.09 1.18) |
1.13 (1.08 1.18) |
1.13 (1.08 1.18) |
|
Grade | ||||
| Grade I | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Grade II | 1.21 (0.76 1.93) | 1.27 (0.79 2.02) | ||
| Grade III/IV | 1.84 (1.11 3.02) | 1.92 (1.16 3.18) | ||
| Ungradeable | 1.58 (0.96 2.61) | 1.64 (0.99 2.70) | ||
| Emergency admission |
|
|
1.00 (0.78 1.29) |
0.98 (0.76 1.28) |
|
Symptoms and signs | ||||
| Constipation | 1.03 (0.77 1.37) | |||
| Rectal bleeding | 0.84 (0.66 1.07) | |||
| Abdominal pain | 1.17 (0.93 1.47) | |||
| Anorexia | 1.69 (1.06 2.68) | |||
| Weight loss | 1.29 (0.92 1.81) | |||
| Abdominal mass | 1.56 (1.02 2.36) | |||
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; GP=general practitioner; HR=hazard ratio.
Model 1: unadjusted model for time to treatment with four knots (4 week considered as reference)
Model 2: adjusted for place of presentation, patient age, patient gender, smoking status, Carstairs deprivation quintile and Charlson index
Model 3: further adjusted for tumour grade and type of hospital admission
Model 4: further adjusted for symptoms and signs of constipation, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss and abdominal mass.