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. 2014 Jul 3;111(3):461–469. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.352

Table 4. Cox proportional hazards model to find the association between mortality and time to treatment as a continuous variable (4 week delay as reference).

 
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
  HR (99% CI) HR (99% CI) HR (99% CI) HR (99% CI)
Provider delay (weeks)
4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
20 0.81 (0.65 1.00) 0.92 (0.74 1.15) 0.94 (0.74 1.19) 0.99 (0.76 1.27)
40 1.01 (0.82 1.24) 1.12 (0.90 1.38) 1.10 (0.88 1.38) 1.17 (0.92 1.48)
60
1.05 (0.83 1.32)
1.20 (0.94 1.52)
1.17 (0.91 1.49)
1.21 (0.94 1.57)
Age
 
1.04 (1.03 1.05)
1.04 (1.03 1.05)
1.04 (1.03 1.04)
Gender
Male   1.27 (1.04 1.56) 1.26 (1.02 1.55) 1.28 (1.04 1.58)
Female
 
1.00
1.00
1.00
Smoking status
Non-smoker   1.00 1.00 1.00
Current smoker   1.25 (0.93 1.68) 1.27 (0.94 1.72) 1.25 (0.92 1.70)
Ex-smoker   1.17 (0.90 1.52) 1.15 (0.88 1.50) 1.18 (0.90 1.55)
Not known   1.20 (0.93 1.53) 1.18 (0.92 1.52) 1.20 (0.93 1.55)
Carstairs deprivation quintile
1 (least)   1.00 1.00 1.00
2   0.96 (0.72 1.26) 0.98 (0.74 1.30) 0.96 (0.72 1.27)
3   1.36 (1.03 1.79) 1.37 (1.04 1.82) 1.36 (1.03 1.81)
4   1.28 (0.95 1.74) 1.31 (0.96 1.78) 1.27 (0.93 1.73)
5 (most)
 
1.30 (0.85 1.98)
1.32 (0.86 2.01)
1.29 (0.84 1.97)
Place of presentation
GP surgery   1.00 1.00 1.00
GP home visit   1.19 (0.89 1.60) 1.20 (0.89 1.62) 1.22 (0.90 1.66)
GP out of hours visit   0.91 (0.55 1.50) 0.92 (0.55 1.53) 0.87 (0.52 1.46)
Others   1.18 (0.65 2.14) 1.18 (0.64 2.17) 1.25 (0.67 2.32)
Unknown
 
1.17 (0.68 1.99)
1.09 (0.61 1.94)
1.20 (0.67 2.16)
Charlson index
 
1.14 (1.09 1.18)
1.13 (1.08 1.18)
1.13 (1.08 1.18)
Grade
Grade I     1.00 1.00
Grade II     1.21 (0.76 1.93) 1.27 (0.79 2.02)
Grade III/IV     1.84 (1.11 3.02) 1.92 (1.16 3.18)
Ungradeable     1.58 (0.96 2.61) 1.64 (0.99 2.70)
Emergency admission
 
 
1.00 (0.78 1.29)
0.98 (0.76 1.28)
Symptoms and signs
Constipation       1.03 (0.77 1.37)
Rectal bleeding       0.84 (0.66 1.07)
Abdominal pain       1.17 (0.93 1.47)
Anorexia       1.69 (1.06 2.68)
Weight loss       1.29 (0.92 1.81)
Abdominal mass       1.56 (1.02 2.36)

Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; GP=general practitioner; HR=hazard ratio.

Model 1: unadjusted model for time to treatment with four knots (4 week considered as reference)

Model 2: adjusted for place of presentation, patient age, patient gender, smoking status, Carstairs deprivation quintile and Charlson index

Model 3: further adjusted for tumour grade and type of hospital admission

Model 4: further adjusted for symptoms and signs of constipation, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss and abdominal mass.