Table 6.
Improvement of HHLS mice by genetic expression of cytokines and HLA molecules
| Protein(s) expressed | Strain | Expression method | Effect | Reference(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSC cytokines | TPO | BRG | Knockin replacement | Better HSC maintenance and myeloid differentiation | 126 |
| Membrane SCF | NSG | CMV transgenic | High engraftment without irradiation, development of human mast cells | 134, 135 | |
| Myeloid cytokines | IL-3/GM-CSF | BRG | Knockin replacement | Replacement of alveolar macrophages | 127 |
| M-CSF | BRG | Knockin replacement | Increased numbers of monocyte/macrophage | 128 | |
| SCF/GM-CSF/IL-3 | NSG | CMV transgenic | Terminal myeloid differentiation Increased regulatory T cells Loss of functional HSCs |
148 | |
| MHC-I | HLA-A2 | NSG | Transgenic expression | HLA-restricted response to EBV and Dengue Protection against EBV-induced tumors |
94, 102, 176 |
| MHC-II | HLA-DR4 | NRG | Transgenic expression | Increased number and function of T cells Tetanus toxoid-specific IgG |
175 |
| HLA-DR4 | NOG I-A-/- | Transgenic expression | Slightly increased CD4+ T cell numbers Ovalbumin-specific IgG |
177 |
Abbreviations: BRG, BALB/c-Rag2-/- Il2rg-/-; CMV; cytomegalovirus; DC, dendritic cell; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; GM-CSF, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; IL, interleukin; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MHC-I/II, major histocompatibility complex class I/class II; NK, natural killer; NOG, NOD/Shi-scid Il2rg-/-;NRG, NOD-Rag-I-Il2rg-I-; NSG, NOD/LtSz-scid Il2rg-/-; SCF, stem cell factor; TPO, thrombopoietin.