Table 2.

Summary of Treatment Outcomes (Between-Group Differences) for Hot Flashes and Co-occuring Symptoms for Isoflavones and Amino Acids.

Study/Type of Intervention	Hot Flashes	Mood Disturbances	Sleep Disturbances	Pain Symptoms	Cognitive Disturbances
Soy Isoflavones
Basaria¹⁵ 2009 Soy protein 20 g vs. Whole milk protein 20 g	NA	NA	NA	NA	NS
Hanachi¹⁶ 2008 Soy protein 12.5 g in soy milk vs. Soymilk + walking 1 h	?	NS	NS	NS	NS
Jou ¹⁷ 2008 Soy germ extract 6 g vs. Roasted wheat	+ (EP women)	NS	NS	NS	NM
Welty¹⁸ 2007 Soy protein (soy nuts) 25 g vs. TLC (Lifestyle Change) diet	+	NA	NA	NA	NA
Lewis¹⁹ 2006 Soy 25 g in soy flour muffins vs. ground flaxseed muffins vs. wheat flour muffins	NS	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other Isoflavones
Evans²⁰ 2011 Synthetic genistein 30mg vs. placebo	+	NS	NA	NA	NA
Carmignani²¹ 2010 Isoflavone powder 90 mg vs. HT vs. placebo	+	NS	NS	+	NA
Lee²² 2010 Rexflavone 350mg vs. placebo (BMI>30)	+ (KI>20)	NS	NS	NS	NM
Albertazzi²³ 2005 Genistein 90mg vs. placebo	+ (For GCS>9)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Hildago²⁴ 2005 Red clover isoflavone 80mg vs. placebo	+	+	NA	+	+
Jou²⁵ 2005 Isoflavone 70 mg vs. Isoflavone 35mg	NA	NS	NA	NA	NA
Uesugi²⁶ 2004 Isoflavone 40 mg vs. placebo	+ (SMI>26)	NS	NS	NS	NM
Isoflavone Combinations
Ishiwata²⁷ 2009 10mg EQUOL vs. 30 mg EQUOL vs. placebo (EP vs. Non-EP)	NA	+ (Non-EP, 30 mg)	NA	NA	NA
Mucci²⁸ 2006 Magnolia bark extract 60 mg+Magnesium 50 mg+Isoflavone 60 mg+ Calcium+Vit D vs Calcium + Vitamin D	+	+	+	NM	NM
Secreto²⁹ 2004 Isoflavone 80 mg+Melatonin 3 mg vs. Melatonin vs. placebo	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Amino Acids
Guttoso³⁰ 2009 Methionine 2g vs. placebo	NS	NM	NA	NM	NM
Guttoso³¹ 2008 L-Isoleucine 5mg vs. placebo	NS	NM	NA	NM	NM

NS = Not significant;

NM = Not measured;

NR = Not reported;

NA = Not applicable;

+ = Significant @ P ≤ .05.;

EP = Equol Producing Women;

SMI = Simplified Menopausal Index