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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2014 May 19;50(7):1878–1890. doi: 10.1037/a0036767

Table 4.

Multivariate Multilevel Models of Internalizing/Externalizing Raw Scores (with Robust Standard Errors) -- Collective Efficacy and Exposure to Life-Threatening Violencea

Independent Model
Internalizing
 Externalizing
Variables 1 2 1 2
Boys
Collective efficacy −.09
(.27)		 .11
(.29)		 −.13
(.32)		 −.18
(.33)
Exposure to life-threatening violence .92
(.67)		 .65
(.72)		 1.04
(.60)		 1.07
(.60)
Collective efficacy *
Exposure to life-threatening violence		 − −.91
(.90)		 − .12
(.72)
Girls
Collective efficacy −.07
(.34)		 .23
(.36)		 −.08
(.29)		 .17
(.27)
Exposure to life-threatening violence 1.67 *
(.76)		 .83
(.75)		 1.45 *
(.74)		 .77
(.75)
Collective efficacy *
Exposure to life-threatening violence		 − −2.04 *
(.92)		 − −1.79 *
(.84)
Boys intercept 8.41 ***
(.23)		 8.44 ***
(.23)		 7.57 ***
(.23)		 7.57 ***
(.23)
Girls intercept 8.64 ***
(.31)		 8.67 ***
(.31)		 7.36 ***
(.25)		 7.36 ***
(.24)
a

Neighborhood level N = 169; Person level N = 1277. Variance components omitted. Models control all individual/family characteristics included in Table 2 models. Controls for neighborhood concentrated poverty, immigrant concentration, and residential stability are also included (separately estimated for boys and girls). Coefficients for control variables available upon request.

*

p < .05

**

p < .01

***

p < .001