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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 4.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2013 Jun 23;499(7458):332–335. doi: 10.1038/nature12235

Figure 3. Gene expression in early embryos and adult gonads in outgroup Diptera species.

Figure 3

a. Zygotic transcription is female-biased for genes located on the X-chromosome (element F) of B. oleae, but not the autosomal element A. FPKM values were estimated by RNA-sequencing of male and female stage 5 embryos. b. Over-expression in ovary and under-expression in testis on the X-chromosome (element F) but not the autosomal element A in B. oleae (top) and S. bullata (bottom). FPKM values were estimated through RNA-sequencing of dissected testis and ovaries. Levels of significance (based on Chi-square tests for panel a and using one-tailed Wilcoxon-tests for panels b) are represented by * (p<0.05), ** (p<0.01) and *** (p<0.001). Boxes (panel b) as in Fig. 1.