Table 2.
Univariate χ2 analysis for sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms, n (%)
| Variable | Total | With sleep disturbance | With depressive symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 3186 (100.0) | 1261 (100.0) | 205 (100.0) |
| Gender* | |||
| Male | 1700 (53.4) | 729 (57.8) | 92 (44.9) |
| Female | 1486 (46.6) | 532 (42.2) | 113 (55.1) |
| Age (years)† | |||
| 13–14 | 420 (13.2) | 240 (19.0) | 22 (10.7) |
| 15–16 | 1687 (53.0) | 667 (52.9) | 111 (54.1) |
| 17–18 | 1079 (33.9) | 354 (28.1) | 72 (35.1) |
| Grade† | |||
| 7th–9th | 1686 (52.9) | 740 (58.7) | 108 (52.7) |
| 10th–12th | 1500 (47.1) | 521 (41.3) | 97 (47.3) |
| Living arrangement‡ | |||
| Two biological parents | 2836 (89.0) | 1125 (89.2) | 169 (82.4) |
| Only father or mother | 149 (4.7) | 51 (4.0) | 16 (7.8) |
| Others | 201 (6.3) | 85 (6.7) | 20 (9.8) |
| Family economic status* | |||
| Above average | 975 (30.6) | 437 (34.7) | 45 (22.0) |
| Average | 1942 (61.0) | 738 (58.5) | 127 (62.0) |
| Below average | 269 (8.4) | 86 (6.8) | 33 (16.1) |
| Family relationship* | |||
| Above average | 2501 (78.5) | 1063 (84.3) | 115 (56.1) |
| Average | 502 (15.8) | 155 (12.3) | 46 (22.4) |
| Below average | 183 (5.7) | 43 (3.4) | 44 (21.5) |
| Parental caring* | |||
| Satisfied with father or mother | 545 (17.1) | 184 (14.6) | 58 (28.3) |
| Satisfied with both of them | 2471 (77.6) | 1029 (81.6) | 118 (57.6) |
| Dissatisfied with both of them | 170 (5.3) | 48 (3.8) | 29 (14.1) |
| Academic achievement | |||
| Above average | 1361 (42.7) | 558 (44.3) | 84 (41.0) |
| Average | 932 (29.3) | 362 (28.7) | 59 (28.8) |
| Below average | 893 (28.0) | 341 (27.0) | 62 (30.2) |
| Academic pressure* | |||
| Above average | 1344 (42.2) | 399 (31.6) | 137 (66.8) |
| Average | 1376 (43.2) | 625 (49.6) | 49 (23.9) |
| Below average | 466 (14.4) | 237 (18.8) | 19 (9.3) |
| Relationship with teachers† | |||
| Good | 1552 (48.7) | 694 (55.0) | 69 (33.7) |
| Average | 1408 (44.2) | 493 (39.1) | 95 (46.3) |
| Poor | 226 (7.1) | 74 (5.9) | 41 (20.0) |
| Relationship with classmates* | |||
| Good | 2220 (69.7) | 928 (73.6) | 94 (45.9) |
| Average | 846 (26.6) | 289 (22.9) | 79 (38.5) |
| Poor | 120 (3.8) | 44 (3.5) | 32 (15.6) |
| Feel lonely* | |||
| Less than 1 day/week | 1733 (54.4) | 830 (65.8) | 34 (16.6) |
| 1 to 4 days/week | 1073 (33.7) | 335 (26.6) | 98 (47.8) |
| More than 4 days/week | 380 (11.9) | 96 (7.6) | 73 (35.6) |
| Suicide ideation* | |||
| Never | 2589 (81.3) | 1108 (87.9) | 88 (42.9) |
| Occasionally (1–2 times/year) | 391 (12.3) | 88 (7.0) | 68 (33.2) |
| Sometimes (3–6 times/year) | 75 (2.4) | 12 (1.0) | 18 (8.8) |
| Often (over 6 times/year) | 131 (4.1) | 53 (4.2) | 31 (15.1) |
| Suicide attempt* | |||
| Never | 3083 (95.8) | 1223 (97.0) | 169 (82.4) |
| Occasionally (1–2 times/year) | 81 (2.5) | 17 (1.3) | 20 (9.8) |
| Sometimes (3–6 times/year) | 14 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 3 (1.5) |
| Often (over 6 times/year) | 38 (1.2) | 17 (1.3) | 13 (6.3) |
| Hurt themselves on purpose* | |||
| Never | 2807 (88.1) | 1147 (91.0) | 140 (68.3) |
| Occasionally (1–2 times/year) | 269 (8.4) | 78 (6.2) | 43 (21.0) |
| Sometimes (3–6 times/year) | 61 (1.9) | 20 (1.6) | 7 (3.4) |
| Often (over 6 times/year) | 49 (1.5) | 16 (1.3) | 15 (7.3) |
| Running away from home* | |||
| Never | 2262 (71.0) | 1006 (79.8) | 79 (38.5) |
| Considered | 815 (25.6) | 226 (17.9) | 103 (50.2) |
| Planned | 48 (1.5) | 14 (1.1) | 6 (2.9) |
| Attempted | 61 (1.9) | 15 (1.2) | 17 (8.3) |
| Depressive symptoms† | |||
| Yes | 205 (6.4) | 29 (2.3) | – |
| No | 2981 (93.6) | 1232 (97.7) | – |
| Sleep disturbance‡ | |||
| Yes | 1261 (39.6) | – | 29 (14.1) |
| No | 1925 (60.4) | – | 176 (85.9) |
*According to the χ2 test, without adjusting for other variables, p<0.05 in the sleep disturbance group and the depressive symptoms group.
†p<0.05, only in the sleep disturbance group.
‡p<0.05, only in the depressive symptoms group.