Table 4.
Adjusted OR (95% CI) for depressive symptoms by multilevel logistic regression
| Covariate | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|
| Family relationship | ||
| Above average | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Average | 1.22 (0.82 to 1.81) | 0.329 |
| Below average | 1.97 (1.24 to 3.15) | 0.004 |
| Relationship with classmates | ||
| Good | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Average | 2.82 (1.62 to 4.90) | <0.001 |
| Poor | 1.60 (1.14 to 2.25) | 0.007 |
| Feel lonely | ||
| Less than 1 day/week | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 1 to 4 days/week | 2.67 (1.75 to 4.07) | <0.001 |
| More than 4 days/week | 4.24 (2.65 to 6.80) | <0.001 |
| Suicide ideation | ||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Occasionally (1–2 times/year) | 2.72 (1.85 to 3.98) | <0.001 |
| Sometimes (3–6 times/year) | 2.77 (1.46 to 5.26) | 0.002 |
| Often (over 6 times/year) | 3.38 (1.89 to 6.04) | <0.001 |
| Running away from home | ||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Considered | 1.71 (1.20 to 2.44) | 0.003 |
| Planned | 1.08 (0.40 to 2.90) | 0.885 |
| Attempted | 1.42 (0.65 to 3.10) | 0.386 |
| Sleep disturbance | ||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 2.52 (1.64 to 3.86) | <0.001 |
Adjusted OR means OR adjusted by multivariate analysis for screening risk factors for adolescents showing depressive symptoms.