Figure 6. Schematics of domain structures and reciprocal space maps (RSMs) about the (022) and (222) reflections of PMN-PT(011) under various applied electric fields or poling states.

The first column (a), (d), (g) is for the unpoled state. The second column (b), (e), (h) is for the positive poling state with up to 90% of polarization pointing upward. The third column (c), (f), (i) is after applying an negative electric field of −1.5 kV/cm and then switching it off. Electric-field-induced ferroelastic polarization switching between the in-plane direction and the out-of-plane directions is clearly demonstrated in the RSM patterns of the (022) reflection (e), (f).