Table 1.
Clinical and demographic profile according to heart disease aetiology.
| All cases n=1199 |
Non-communicable n=678 (57%) |
Communicable n=521 (43%) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic profile | ||||
| Mean age (years) | 58.3±14.0 | 60.1±13.1 | 55.9±14.9 | <0.001 |
| Women | 701 (59%) | 403 (59%) | 298 (57%) | 0.44 |
| <6 years formal education | 582 (49%) | 335 (49%) | 247 (47%) | 0.52 |
| Soweto origin | 562 (47%) | 327 (48%) | 235 (45%) | 0.29 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.0±1.4 | 4.3±1.3 | 3.7±1.2 | <0.001 |
| HDLC (mmol/L) | 1.1±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 1.0±0.5 | <0.001 |
| Median triglycerides (mmol/L)* | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.8,1.6) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | <0.001 |
| LDLC (mmol/L) | 2.4±1.0 | 2.5±1.0 | 2.2±0.9 | <0.001 |
| TC : HDLC ratio | 4.3±3.0 | 4.2±3.1 | 4.4±2.7 | 0.27 |
| LDL : HDLC ratio | 2.5±1.1 | 2.5±1.0 | 2.7±1.1 | 0.36 |
| TG : HDLC ratio* | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.7) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 0.12 |
| Median serum CRP (mg/L)* | 19 (7.0, 45.0) | 16.8 (6.6,41.5) | 20.5 (7.8, 55.9) | 0.25 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 135±29 | 143±29 | 126±26 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 78±16 | 80±16 | 74±16 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0±6.7 | 30.3±6.7 | 27.2±6.2 | <0.001 |
| Prevalence of dyslipidaemia (n, %) | ||||
| High total cholesterol (>5 mmol/L) | 378 (32%) | 266 (39%) | 112 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Low HDLC (<1 in men and <1.2 mmol/L in women) | 694 (58%) | 344 (51%) | 350 (67%) | <0.001 |
| High LDLC (>2.5 mmol/L) | 446 (37%) | 291 (43%) | 155 (30%) | <0.001 |
| High triglycerides (>1.7 mmol/L) | 215 (18%) | 143 (21%) | 72 (14%) | 0.001 |
| Prevalence of other risk factors (n, %) | ||||
| Obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 344 (40%) | 237 (48%) | 107 (30%) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 98 (8%) | 71 (11%) | 27 (5%) | <0.001 |
| Past or current smoker | 566 (47%) | 321(47%) | 245 (47%) | 0.95 |
| Family history of CVD | 466 (39%) | 286 (42%) | 180 (35%) | 0.01 |
| Confirmed HIV-positive cases | 76 (6%) | 15 (2%) | 61 (12%) | <0.001 |
*Median (IQR) values presented, differences tested by Mann-Whitney U test.
BMI, body mass index (available in 854 cases); BP, blood pressure; CRP, C reactive protein (available in 367 cases); CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.