Table 3.
Other prognostic factors associated with mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease
| Factor | Number of studies reporting |
Number of studies in which the factor was associated with poor outcome |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| overall | Studies based on DE | Studies of PH based on DE | Studies of PH based on RHC | |
| Age | 14 | 11 | 11 | 3 |
| Sex (male vs female) | 11 | 9 | 3 | 0 |
| Racial/ethnic group | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| HF episodes | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
| Prior hypertension | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| History of diabetes | 8 | 8 | 3 | 0 |
| Smoking | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Functional class (NYHA/WHO) | 12 | 9 | 5 | 2 |
| Killip class for MI | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Heart rate | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Systolic BP | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| Diastolic BP | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mean BP | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| SPO2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypotension | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| Ischaemic aetiology of HF | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Urea | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney disease (by creatinine, GFR or haemodialysis) | 17 | 14 | 6 | 0 |
| BNP | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| Haemoglobin | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Presence of COPD | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Use of medications (ACEI and or beta blockers or spironolactone) | 6 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
| LVEF | 10 | 10 | 6 | NA |
| LV end-diastolic diameter/index | 6 | 6 | 3 | NA |
| Atrial diameter | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Deceleration time | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA |
| RV function (by TAPSE or other means) | 3 | 3 | 3 | NA |
| Functional mitral regurgitation | 5 | 5 | 4 | NA |
| RVSP ≥50 or >60 mm Hg | 9 | 9 | 5 | NA |
| End diastolic pulmonary regurgitation | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
ACEI, ACE inhibitors; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RHC, right heart catheterisation; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; RV, right ventricle; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plan systolic excursion.