Table 2.

Return-to-work sickness absence outcomes

Author(s)	Country	Mental disorders	Outcome measure	Number of episodes or employees	Reported outcomes of sickness absences
Barbosa-Branco et al14	BR	Mental and behavioural disorders: Organic disorders (ICD-10 F00-F09); psychoaffective substance use disorders (ICD-10 F10-F19); schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (ICD-10 F20-F29); mood disorders (ICD-10 F30-F39); stress-related and somatoform disorders (ICD-10 F40-F48)	Duration of sickness benefit claim = measure not described	Number of claims due to mental and behavioural disorders: All=147 105 Males=71 195 Females=75 910	Median duration of disability episodes (in days) (1st and 3rd quartiles): Males: Mental and behavioural disorders=76 (47, 113) Females: Mental and behavioural disorders=65 (43, 97)
Board and Brown13	UK	ICD categories used not described	Absence phase: Subacute=28–90 days Chronic phase=>90 days Return-to-Work=episode has start and finish dates before study end date	Number of sickness absences: Police officers=4485 Civilian staff=1761	Among those with mental ill health: Police officers: With subacute episode=43.2% With chronic episode=56.8% Who return to work=85.2% Civilian staff: With subacute episode=59.5% With chronic episode=40.5% Who return to work=Not reported
Dewa et al6	CA (Ontario)	Mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10 F00-F99, Z502, Z503, Z561-Z566, Z630-Z639, Z729, Z733, Z738, Z864, Z915): schizophrenia, mood disorders, stress-related disorders and mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use	Duration of episode=number of work days absent	Number of sickness absences: Due to any disorder=4791 Due to mental and behavioural disorders=698	Mean days per episode (in days) (95%CI): Due to any disorder=33.0 (31.3 to 34.7) Due to mental and behavioural disorders: All=64.9 (58.2 to 71.6) Males=62.1 (54.1 to 70.1) Females=70.0 (57.8 to 82.1)
Koopmans et al15	NL	Depression (diagnostic classification system not descripted in paper)	Duration of episode=number of calendar days between first day of sick leave and date of return to work or disability pension received	Number of new episodes due to depression=9910	Return to work within a year: Men=67.7% Women=64.8% Total=66.2% One year of work incapacity: Men=15.2% Women=17.4% Total=16.4% Mean duration of episode (in days) (95% CI): Men=200 (196 to 204) Women=213 (210, 217) Median duration of episode (in days) (95% CI): Men=179 (172 to 186) Women=201 (193 to 209)
Koopmans et al9	NL	Common mental disorders (CMD) from medical certification: stress-related (distress and adjustment disorders) (ICD-10 R45, F43) and psychiatric (mild to moderate depressive and anxiety disorders) (ICD-10 F32.0, F32.1, F40.0, F40.1, F40.2, F41.0, F41.1, F41.2, F41.3)	Duration of sickness absence=number of calendar days between first day of sick leave and date of return to work or disability pension received	Number of employees with ≥1 sickness absence due to CMD=8951 Total number of sickness absence due to CMD=10 921	From 2001 to 2007, median duration of index sickness absence episode (in days) (95% CI): Men: Stress=49 (47 to 51) Psychiatric=168 (150 to 186) Total CMD=57 (54 to 60) Women: Stress=56 (53 to 59) Psychiatric=168 (151 to 185) Total CMD=67 (63 to 71) From 2001–2007, median duration of recurrent CMD sickness absence episodes (in days) (95% CI): Men: Stress=46 (41 to 51) Psychiatric=68 (39 to 97) Total CMD=48 (43 to 53) Women: Stress=60 (51 to 69) Psychiatric=73 (53 to 93) Total CMD=62 (55 to 69)
Koopmans et al8	NL	Common mental disorders (CMD) from medical certification: stress-related (distress and adjustment disorders) (ICD-10 R45, F43) and psychiatric (mild to moderate depressive and anxiety disorders) (ICD-10 F32, F40, F41)	Duration of sickness absence=number of calendar days of sickness absence adjusted for partial return to work and annual worker-years	Number of employees with ≥1 sickness absence due to CMD=9904 Total number of sickness absences due to CMD=12 404	From 2001 to 2007, duration of sickness absence episode due to CMD (in calendar days) (95% CI): Total=62 (60 to 64) Men=57 (55 to 59) Women=68 (65 to 71)
Reis et al11	BR	Mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10 F00-F99)	Duration of episode=Number of calendar days absent from work	Number of sickness absence episodes: Due to any disorder=5138 Due to mental and behavioural disorders=324	Median duration of sickness absence leave (in days): First episode: Due to any disorder=2 Due to mental and behavioural disorders=5 Recurrent episodes: Due to any disorder=2 Due to mental and behavioural disorders=7
Roelen et al16	NL	Mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10 R45, F43, F32, F40 and F41) from medical certification: emotional disturbance, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and stress-related disorders	Duration of sickness absence=calendar days between the first and last day of sickness absence	Number of sickness absence episodes: Due to any disorder: 2001=90 095 2002=104 193 2003=118 926 2004=129 024 2005=128 044 2006=108 901 2007=96 482 Due to mental and behavioural disorders: 2001=21 140 2002=22 803 2003=24 917 2004=27 533 2005=22 682 2006=20 013 2007=18 513	Median duration of sickness absence episodes (in days) (95% CI): Due to any disorder: 2001=73 (72 to 74) 2002=63 (62 to 64) 2003=57 (56 to 58) 2004=53 (53 to 53) 2005=45 (45 to 45) 2006=49 (48 to 50) 2007=55 (54 to 56) Due to mental and behavioural disorders: 2001=119 (116 to 122) 2002=98 (96 to 100) 2003=87 (85 to 89) 2004=80 (79 to 81) 2005=79 (77 to 81) 2006=83 (81 to 85) 2007=87 (85 to 89)
Roelen et al10	NL	Mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10 F00-F99) from medical certification	Duration of sickness absence=number of days between first day of sick leave and date of return to work or disability pension received	Number of employees with ≥1 sickness absence=36 342 Number of employees with ≥1 sickness absence due to mental and behavioural disorders=7197 Number of employees with >1 sickness absence due to mental and behavioural disorders=1400 Worker-years=363 461	Median duration of sickness absence (in days) (95% CI): Mental and behavioural disorders=62 (55 to 69) Any disorder=35 (34 to 36)