Table 2.

Current Engineered Mouse Models with CAV3 Mutations

Reference	CAV3 mutation	Model intended for:	Actual phenotype hetero- or hemizygous	Homozygous
Hagiwara, el al. 2000; Woodman, el al. 2002	Null	AR-caveolinopathy	Normal	Skeletal myopathy after 8 wks; progressive cardiomy- opathy beginning at 8 wks
Galbiati, et al. 2000; Aravamuden, et al. 2003	CAV3 over-expression using CAG promoter	Model of CAV3 over- expression seen in DMD and mdx mice	Skeletal myopathy by 3–4 wks; cardiomyopathy by 6–10 wks; death by 10–12 months	NA
Tsutsumi, et al. 2008; Horikawa, et al. 2011	CAV3 over-expression using a- MHC promoter to drive cardio- myocyte expression	Examining effects of CAV3 on natriuretic pep- tide signaling	Normal to beneficial	NA
Sunada, el al. 2001; Ohsawa, et al. 2004	P104L transgenic using MCK promoter	LGMD1C	Skeletal myopathy by 6 wks; hindlimb paralysis by 12 wks; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by 6 wks	NA