Table 3. Six to 12 month follow-up assessment effect sizes, confidence intervals, and z-scores for nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and PTSD symptoms.
| Study | ES | 95% CI | z |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nightmare Frequency | |||
|
|
|||
| Cook et al. (2010) | 0.10 | -0.15-0.35 | 0.79 |
| Davis et al. (2011) | 0.79 | 0.42-1.17 | 4.13 |
| Davis & Wright (2007) | 0.94 | 0.47-1.40 | 3.96 |
| Forbes et al. (2003) | 1.10 | 0.45-1.75 | 3.31 |
| Krakow, Hollifield, et al. (2001) | 1.07 | 0.77-1.36 | 7.15 |
| Lu et al. (2009) | 0.44 | 0.01-1.09 | 1.99 |
| Combined | 0.72 | 0.33-1.10 | 3.67 |
|
|
|||
| Sleep Quality | |||
|
|
|||
| Cook et al. (2010) | 0.26 | -0.05-0.57 | 1.63 |
| Davis et al. (2011) | 0.88 | 0.44-1.31 | 3.91 |
| Davis & Wright (2007) | 1.20 | 0.63-1.78 | 4.09 |
| Krakow, Hollifield, et al. (2001) | 0.71 | 0.42-1.00 | 4.79 |
| Lu et al. (2009) | 0.17 | -0.32-0.66 | 0.68 |
| Combined | 0.62 | 0.29-0.95 | 3.64 |
|
|
|||
| PTSD Symptoms | |||
|
|
|||
| Davis et al. (2011) | 1.01 | 0.59-1.42 | 4.71 |
| Davis & Wright (2007) | 0.82 | 0.39-1.25 | 3.72 |
| Forbes et al. (2003) | 0.80 | 0.26-1.33 | 2.91 |
| Krakow, Hollifield, et al. (2001) | 1.31 | 0.98-1.64 | 7.79 |
| Lu et al. (2009) | 0.58 | 0.14-1.03 | 2.60 |
| Combined | 0.93 | 0.66-1.20 | 6.82 |
Note. Individual study effect sizes are standardized and unweighted. Combined values are based on random effects models for within-treatment group effects. ES = effect size; CI = confidence interval; z = z-score.