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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Neurobiol. 2013 Dec 14;74(6):574–590. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22151

Figure 7. LMAN ablation at 28- or 40-dph impairs accuracy, duration and amplitude of tutor song imitation.

Figure 7

Below the tutor’s spectrogram are letters, each corresponding to a different syllable within the tutor’s song motif. Tutor syllables copied by CTL sons are indicated below their respective spectrograms. Transparent colors indicate syllables that match specific tutor syllables. Transparent colors without letters in spectrograms from birds with partial LMAN ablation (309V and 309Y) indicate the closest resembling tutor syllables. Birds with juvenile LMAN ablation at either 28- or 40-dph have shortened motifs that contained fewer syllables, produced at reduced amplitude (indicated by lighter gray-scaling). Recordings of tutor songs and of the final adult songs of CTL and LMANX birds were made in the same acoustic-isolation chamber with the cage, microphone and microphone gain set at fixed positions; this procedure enabled direct comparison of song amplitude between birds.