Figure 2.

After 12 h incubation of LTL in E. coli induced peritoneal macrophage cells with heat-killed E. coli (O18:K1; 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) alone or with LTLd₁ (50 μg/mL) or LTLd₂ (100 μg/mL), effect on production of cytokines IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), IL-17 (c), IL-12 (d), and IL-10 (e) was measured by ELISA at 2, 12, and 24 h and (f) the inflammatory mediator expression level was determined by western blot analysis. The values are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).