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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2012 Nov 1;46(1):165–169. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.09.005

Fig. 2. Configuration and lumen centerlines of the AVF.

Fig. 2

(A) A multiplanar view of black-blood images of the AVF. The lumen of the fistula vein, the lumen of an accessory vein, and a vein valve (near the accessory vein) are clearly visible. The artery and extraneous vessels are not visible in this view. (B) A maximum-intensity projection of a time-of-flight image of the same AVF. The end-to-side anastomosis of this brachiocephalic AVF is clearly seen. Extraneous vessels are visible running parallel to the brachial artery. The arterial segment upstream to the anastomosis is termed proximal as it is closer to the heart; its blood flow was from the right of the image to the left. The fistula vein is designated as the proximal (closer to the heart) or distal section separated by the accessory vein. (C) The calculated lumen centerlines are shown in the fistula vein and the proximal artery of the 3D reconstruction of the same AVF. The labeled distances correspond to the two troughs shown in Fig. 4A.