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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Cardiol Rep. 2014 Aug;16(8):509. doi: 10.1007/s11886-014-0509-0

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Stable left atrial fibrillation (AF) rotor overlying minimal complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE). (a) Left atrial rotor during AF (time bar=1 second), which (b) controls the direction of activation in surrounding atrium. (c) The path (locus) undertaken by rotor precession, with a color-coded time line. (d) Electrograms showing low CFAE score (=6) at the rotor site, referenced to (e). (e) Locus of AF rotor precession superimposed upon a CFAE map, demonstrating that the rotor overlies only a low-grade CFAE (yellow, 4–6). Adapted with permission from: Narayan SM, Shivkumar K, Krummen DE, Miller JM, Rappel W-J. Panoramic electrophysiological mapping but not individual electrogram morphology identifies sustaining sites for human atrial fibrillation (AF rotors and focal sources relate poorly to fractionated electrograms). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6 [59•]