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. 2014 Jul 22;12:28. doi: 10.1186/1476-7120-12-28

Table 6.

Multivariate analysis including LA area measurements and CHADS 2 /CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc parameters for prediction of TEE surrogate markers of stroke

TEE markers of stroke Independent predictors OR CI 95% p
LA Areas + CHADS 2 parameters
LAA thrombus
 • Indexed LA Area 4C
 1.119
 1.047 - 1.196
 0.001
 
 • Previous stroke/TIA
 3.977
 1.987 – 7.959
 <0.001
LAA LFV
 • Indexed LA Area 4C
 1.141
 1.075 – 1.211
 <0.001
Dense SEC
 • Indexed LA Area 4C
 1.136
 1.078 – 1.198
 <0.001
LA ABN
 • Indexed LA Area 4C
 1.142
 1.083 – 1.204
 <0.001
 
 • Congestive heart failure
 1.592
 1.019 – 2.487
 0.04
LA Areas + CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc parameters
LAA thrombus
 • Indexed LA Area 4C
 1.133
 1.058 – 1.213
 <0.001
 
 • Previous stroke/TIA
 3.932
 1.917 – 8.069
 <0.001
LAA LFV
 • Indexed LA Area 4C
 1.139
 1.071– 1.212
 <0.001
Dense SEC
 • Indexed LA Area 4C
 1.125
 1.065 – 1.189
 <0.001
 
 • Previous Vascular diseasea
 1.930
 1.180 – 3.154
 0.009
LA ABN • Indexed LA Area 4C
 1.147
 1.086 – 1.210
 <0.001
• Previous Vascular diseasea 1.581 1.010 – 2.474 0.05

Legend: CI - confidence interval; LA – left atrial; LAA – left atrial appendage; LA ABN – left atrial abnormality; LFV – low flow velocities; OR – odds ratio; p – significance level; SEC – spontaneous echocardiographic contrast; TEE – transesophageal echocardiography; TIA – transient ischemic attack; vel – velocities; 4C – 4-chamber.

aVascular disease is defined as having at least one of the following: myocardial infarctions, peripheral artery disease, and complex aortic plaque.