Table 1.
Baseline demographic and lifestyle factors by levels of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)
| Variables |
MUAC (cm) |
P for trenda | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <23 | 23–23.9 | 24–24.7 | ≥24.8 | ||
| Age, yrs (SD) | 36.7 (11.0) | 36.4 (10.4) | 36.7 (10.2) | 37.3 (9.8) | <0.01 |
| Men, % | 34.8 | 43.1 | 44.3 | 44.4 | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 17.4 (1.7) | 18.9 (1.6) | 19.8 (1.7) | 22.8 (3.0) | <0.0001 |
| Education, yrs (SD) | 2.5 (3.3) | 3.0 (3.6) | 3.4 (3.7) | 4.8 (4.2) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking, % | 34.1 | 35.6 | 33.5 | 28.7 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking among men, % | 81.1 | 75.1 | 71.3 | 61.4 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking among women, % | 9.1 | 5.7 | 3.4 | 2.6 | <0.0001 |
| Ever betel use, % | 34.2 | 31.5 | 32.0 | 31.5 | <0.0001 |
| Own land, % | 42.0 | 47.2 | 49.6 | 57.8 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 112.9 (17.0) | 115.2 (16.1) | 116.6 (16.4) | 121.4 (17.1) | <0.0001 |
aP-values for trend calculated with arm circumference as a continuous variable.