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. 2014 Jun 4;307(3):F326–F336. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00647.2013

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

APOL1 risk variants increase podocyte swelling. A–C: human podocytes were transduced with the lentivirus (titrated as 0.8 pg HIV p24 protein/cell) for 3 h and were cultured in the fresh medium for 48 h. Swollen cells (black arrows) were visualized (A) and counted (B) under a contrast-phase microscope. C: swollen cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and visualized under a contrast-phase microscope. D and E: human podocytes were infected with half the dose of lentivirus (titrated as 0.4 pg HIV p24 protein/cell), and swollen cells (D) and living cells (E) were counted. Scale bars = 100 and 20 μm for A and C, respectively. *P < 0.05 compared with vector. #P < 0.05 compared with APOL1WT. F: podocytes were incubated in media in the absence or presence of different concentrations of interferon-γ (0, 1, 2.5, 10, and 20 ng/ml) for 48 h. Subsequently, RNA was extracted and cDNA was probed for APOL1 with qPCR. *P < 0.05 compared with 0 interferon-γ.