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FoxO and SMAD3 synergistically increase Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 mRNA levels. C2C12 myotubes were infected with adenoviruses encoding SMAD3 and/or FoxO3, RNA was collected 24 h later, and RT-PCR was performed. A: Atrogin-1 gene expression. B: MuRF-1 gene expression. GFP, green fluorescent protein. *Significantly different from basal (P < 0.05). †Significantly different from FoxO only (P < 0.05). n = 4 per experiment.
