TABLE 2.
Abnormal Contrast Sensitivity at Baseline as a Risk Factor for Death Among 1691 Study Participants (3363 Eyes) Without Ocular Opportunistic Infections in the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS
| Risk Factor | Eye Deaths | Eye Visits | RRa | 95% CI | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS threshold (logCS ≤1.5 vs logCS >1.5) | |||||
| All eyes | |||||
| Crude | 801 | 3363 | 2.0 | 1.6–2.5 | <.0001 |
| Adjustedc | 748 | 3178 | 1.9 | 1.5–2.4 | <.0001 |
| Eyes <20/20 at baseline | |||||
| Crude | 200 | 692 | 1.5 | 1.1–2.1 | .01 |
| Adjustedc | 181 | 637 | 1.6 | 1.1–2.3 | .006 |
| Eyes ≥20/20 at baseline | |||||
| Crude | 601 | 2671 | 2.1 | 1.6–2.8 | <.0001 |
| Adjustedc | 567 | 2541 | 1.8 | 1.3–2.6 | .0002 |
| Interaction of visual acuity threshold and CS | |||||
| Crude | — | — | — | — | .14 |
| Adjustedc | — | — | — | — | .72 |
| CS as continuous variable (per 0.05 logCS) | |||||
| All eyes | |||||
| Crude | 801 | 3363 | 0.96 | 0.94–0.97 | <.0001 |
| Adjustedc | 748 | 3178 | 0.95 | 0.94–0.97 | <.0001 |
| Eyes ≥20/20 at baseline | |||||
| Crude | 200 | 692 | 0.98 | 0.96–1.00 | .06 |
| Adjustedc | 181 | 637 | 0.97 | 0.95–1.00 | .02 |
| Eyes ≥20/20 at baseline | |||||
| Crude | 601 | 2671 | 0.92 | 0.88–0.95 | <.0001 |
| Adjustedc | 567 | 2541 | 0.94 | 0.90–0.98 | .002 |
| Interaction of visual acuity threshold and CS | |||||
| Crude | — | — | — | — | .003 |
| Adjustedc | — | — | — | — | .17 |
CI = confidence interval; CS = contrast sensitivity; RR = relative risk for death.
a
Calculated from Cox regression using method of staggered entry for interval since AIDS diagnosis as time metric and accounting for correlation of eyes within a given study participant.
b
Based on Cox proportional hazards model, accounting for correlation between eyes.
c
Adjusted for baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, HIV RNA blood level, highly active antiretroviral therapy (current use vs no current use), and date of CS measurement.