TABLE 4.

Relationship Between Abnormal Contrast Sensitivity and Death With Adjustment for Other Potential Risk Factors Among 1706 Study Participants (3395 Eyes) in the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS

Risk Factor	Number of Eye-Deathsa	Number of Eye-Visitsb	RRc	95% CI	P Valued
Abnormal CSe at baseline	801	3363	2.0	1.7–2.3	<.0001
Abnormal CSe at baseline or during  follow-up	814	28 319	2.7	2.2–3.3	<.0001
Adjusted Model 1f	683	25 848	1.9	1.4–2.5	<.0001
Adjusted Model 2g	547	22 464	1.9	1.4–2.6	.0002
Adjusted Model 3h	221	11 087	1.5	0.9–2.5	.10
Adjusted Model 4i	67	5294	2.6	1.4–4.8	.003

CI = confidence interval; CS = contrast sensitivity; RR = relative risk.

^aDefined as death in a study participant per evaluable eye.

^bDefined as baseline or follow-up visit per evaluable eye.

^cRelative risk of death.

^dCox regression accounting for correlation of eyes within participants.

^eAbnormal CS defined as <logCS 1.5, which corresponds to the lower 2.5th percentile for a normal control population described by Myers and associates.¹⁴

^fTime-dependent CS adjusted for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CD4+ T-lymphocyte count,HIV RNA blood level, visual acuity, and date of CS measurement.

^gTime-dependent CS adjusted for the factors in Adjusted Model 1 plus nadir CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and the presence or absence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and stroke.

^hTime-dependent CS adjusted for the factors in Adjusted Model 2 plus the presence or absence of renal disease.

ⁱTime dependent CS adjusted for the factors in Adjusted Model 3 plus Framingham risk score.